Ethnically, they are of Turkic descent, and are the second largest Muslim group of Central Asia. The Kazakh developed a distinct ethnic identity in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. In the nineteenth century, the Russians acquired Central Asia through a steady process of annexation. The Kazak who now live in Mongolia make up the largest non-Mongolian ethnic group in the country.
At the present time, their number is decreasing since many are emigrating back to their homeland, Kazakstan. The Durbet are a Western Mongol tribe. They are primarily located in the western part of Mongolia, near the border of Russia.
In the early 's, most of their ancestors the Oirat left their homeland, Dzhungaria, which is now part of the Xinjiang region of China, in hopes of settling in the rich pastures of the northern Caucasus Mountains.
In , the majority of the Oirat decided to move back to Dzhungaria in order to escape the Russian dictatorship. Those who stayed in Russia became known as the Kalmyk, which means "to remain. Having arrived in the land of their ancestors, the surviving Oirat were accepted under Manchu rule and given pastures for grazing their herds.
Their descendants are still found in western Mongolia. The Bayad people are one of the Mongol tribes, residing in western Mongolia. In the 13th century the term "Mongol" grew into an umbrella term for a large group of tribes united under the rule of Chinggis Khan. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Tribal differences are usually not a political or social issue as the Mongols are a generally peaceful nation.
The Northern Mongolians, also known as the Buryat, are believed to be the descendants of the western Mongols and the northern Siberians. They primarily inhabit the forested lowland regions along the Russia-Mongolia border.
The territory that once belonged to the Northern Mongolian's ancestors includes the regions along Lake Baikal, which is located in present-day Siberia. Three quarters of all Northern Mongolians still live there, in a region that is now known as the Buriat Autonomous Republic. The Northern Mongolians are very similar to the Khalkha Mongols, particularly in their physical features, dialects, and customs.
In fact, they are often indistinguishable from neighboring Mongol tribes. However, they maintain a number of small differences, the most significant of which is their language. The Dariganga, a small people group of Mongolian origin, inhabit the southeastern regions of Mongolia.
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Following the founding of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, autonomous prefectures and counties were established in other provinces where Mongolians live in large communities. Enjoying the same rights as all other nationalities in China, the Mongolians are joining them in running the country as its true masters. History Mongol was initially the name of a tribe roaming along the Erguna River.
Moving to the grasslands of western Mongolia in the 7th century, the Mongols settled in the upper reaches of the Onon, Kerulen and Tula rivers and areas east of the Kentey Mountains in the 12th century.
Later, their offshoots grew into many tribal groups, such as Qiyan, Zadalan and Taichiwu. The Mongolian grasslands and the forests around Lake Baikal were also home to many other tribes such as Tartar, Wongjiqa, Mierqi, Woyela, Kelie, Naiman and Wanggu, which varied in size and economic and cultural development.
Early in the 13th century, Temujin of the Mongol tribe unified all these tribes to form a new national community called Mongol. In , he had a clan conference held on the bank of the Onon River, at which he was elected the Great Khan of all Mongols with the title of Genghis Khan. This was followed by the founding of a centralized feudal khanate under aristocratic rule, which promoted the development of Mongolian society. Military conquests ensued on a large scale soon after Temujin's accession to the throne.
In and , he launched massive attacks against the State of Kin and captured Zhongdu present-day Beijing. In he began his first Western expedition, extending his jurisdiction as far as Central Asia and southern Russia. He died in In he founded the Yuan Dynasty , and in he subdued the Southern Song , bringing the whole of China under his centralized rule.
The subsequent Ming Dynasty placed the areas where Mongols lived under the administration of more than 20 garrison posts commanded by Mongolian manorial lords. In the early 15th century the Wala Woyela and Tartar Mongols living west and north of the Gobi Desert pledged their allegiance to the Ming empire.
In the Qing Dynasty more Mongol feudal lords dispatched emissaries to Beijing and presented tributes to the Qing court. Later, some Jungar feudal lords of the Elutes, incited by Tsarist Russia, staged rebellions against the central government.
They were put down by the Qing court through repeated punitive expeditions and the Mongolian areas were reunified under the central authorities.
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