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Statement of Interest. Oxazepam and temazepam attenuate paroxetine-induced elevation of serotonin levels in guinea-pig hippocampus. Cremers , Thomas I. Oxford Academic. Eliyahu Dremencov. Address for correspondence: Dr E. Fokko J. Ben H. Revision received:. Cite Cite Thomas I. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Hippocampus , microdialysis , oxazepam , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs , temazepan.
Open in new tab Download slide. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Google Scholar PubMed. Issue Section:. Download all slides. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Low-potency benzos with a long half-life are weaker than high-potency benzos with a short half-life.
Drugs with a shorter half-life, while more short-acting, are often felt more intensely. Drugs with short half-life also create their effect more rapidly. These characteristics make these substances more attractive to recreational drug abusers. Benzodiazepine drug abusers often prefer short-acting, high-potency benzos, such as lorazepam or alprazolam, due to their fairly rapid and intense high.
Though not prescribed in the United States, flunitrazepam Rohypnol is sold illicitly on the streets. Used as a date rape drug, Rohypnol is a high-potency benzodiazepine with a relatively long half-life.
Benzodiazepine medications are sedative-hypnotics, meaning they create calming or tranquilizing effects. Because of this, these drugs are prescribed to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic and seizure disorders, and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
Certain ones may also be used as muscle relaxants. The same actions which make these medications valuable within treatment also make them enticing to drug abusers.
Benzodiazepines take several forms, including as an extended-release long-acting capsule, liquid, tablet, or orally-disintegrating tablet. Any of these forms may be abused to create a sedated effect or euphoria. When abused, benzodiazepines are taken orally in doses larger and more frequent than would be prescribed. The medication may also be crushed so that it can be snorted, smoked, or injected.
No matter how benzodiazepines are abused, the potential for dependence and addiction runs high. Aside from addiction, benzodiazepine abuse carries with it a host of adverse health effects and dangers. These include:. Like all forms of drug abuse, individuals who abuse benzodiazepines frequently experience an extreme loss of quality of life.
Benzodiazepine abuse has been linked to increased risks of suicide and suicidal ideation thoughts of suicide. Prolonged benzodiazepine abuse can cause some very problems the drugs are designed to treat. When a physically-dependent person quits benzodiazepines, withdrawal can set in. In certain cases, withdrawal may last for several months. This is called post-acute withdrawal syndrome PAWS. Individuals facing PAWS experience anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
Acute withdrawal from benzodiazepine drugs can become very dangerous, to the extent that professional treatment is necessary medical detox.
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