When was kanamycin discovered

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Further research is needed to establish safety and efficacy when combined with antiretrovirals that may cause renal failure such as tenofovir. Manufacturers and suppliers:. Today, only three kanamycin products approved by a stringent regulatory authority have been identified. No sources of kanamycin are approved through WHO Prequalification, although one manufacturer Macleods has submitted a dossier to WHO Prequalification and has been accepted for evaluation.

Despite this, the supply of kanamycin remains vulnerable to disruption. In the EU, there is only one approved manufacturer Panpharma but in they had a problem with the API, resulting in an interruption in supply.

As this was the only quality-assured source available to GDF at the time, this resulted in a significant problem for GLC-approved programmes and other treatment providers. The problem has been rectified but capacity issues remain. In reaction to the potential shortage of quality-assured kanamycin, GDF identified an alternative source in Japan Meiji. While this has helped to ensure continual supply while Panpharma was not in production, Meiji has limited production capacity and the price is considerably more than the Panpharma product.

The supply is also reserved for GDF, leaving other treatment providers with no alternative quality-assured sources. Additional manufacturers may exist in China, India, the former Soviet Union, and other countries, but whether they comply with WHO quality standards is unknown.

Efficacy and safety of kanamycin, ethionamide, PAS and cycloserine in multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis.